Hybrid Modeling of Photoplethysmography for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Cardiovascular Parameters

Continuous cardiovascular monitoring can play a key role in precision health. However, some fundamental cardiac
biomarkers of interest, including stroke volume and cardiac output, require invasive measurements, e.g., arterial pressure
waveforms (APW). As a non-invasive alternative, photoplethysmography (PPG) measurements are routinely collected
in hospital settings. Unfortunately, the prediction of key cardiac biomarkers from PPG instead of APW remains an open
challenge, further complicated by the scarcity of annotated PPG measurements. As a solution, we propose a hybrid ap-
proach that uses…