Robust Serialization with JSON and Custom Types
In this article, you will learn how to build a robust JSON serialization pipeline in Python that handles custom data types, graceful error recovery, and…
Speculative Decoding Explained: How to Get 3× Faster Inference from Any LLM
In this article, you will learn how speculative decoding works, why it produces real speed gains at the hardware level, and what modern implementations look…
How to Build a Multi-Modal RAG Pipeline for Images and Documents in Python
In this article, you will learn how to build a multi-modal RAG pipeline in Python that retrieves and reasons over both text and images extracted…
pgvector vs. Dedicated Vector Databases: A Production Benchmark
Run this on a typical laptop and both systems will report latencies in the low single-digit to tens of milliseconds range, with the exact numbers depending heavily on your CPU, available RAM, and whatever else is running on your machine at the time.
Descriptors and Controlled Attributes in Python
In this article, you will learn what Python descriptors are and how to use them to build three types of controlled attributes: validated, computed, and…
Iterators and Generators for Memory-Efficient Processing
Laziness is not a religion.
Choosing a Chunking Strategy for Your LLM Apps: A Decision-Tree Approach
In this article, you will learn how to choose the right chunking strategy for a retrieval-augmented generation system by working through a structured decision tree…
Building a Custom LLM Evaluation Harness in Python from Scratch
In this article, you will learn how to build a custom LLM evaluation harness in Python from scratch, structured around four modular components that give…
Building a RAG Pipeline with LLM Embeddings and Scikit-learn
In this article, you will learn how to build a lightweight, end-to-end RAG pipeline using scikit-learn for vector retrieval and open-source models for embeddings and…
AI Agent Benchmarks Explained: SWE-Bench, GAIA, WebArena, and More
In this article, you will learn what the major AI agent benchmarks measure, how they differ from traditional model benchmarks, and how to use them…