The growing demand for personalized and private on-device applications highlights the importance of source-free unsupervised domain adaptation (SFDA) methods, especially for time-series data, where individual differences produce large domain shifts. As sensor-embedded mobile devices become ubiquitous, optimizing SFDA methods for parameter utilization and data-sample efficiency in time-series contexts becomes crucial. Personalization in time series is necessary to accommodate the unique patterns and behaviors of individual users, enhancing the relevance and accuracy of the predictions. In this…